Bearings serve as key components in the operation of various machinery. To ensure better performance and quality of bearings during use, ultra-precision machining technology is employed in the manufacturing process. The term "precision machining" refers to various machining processes that achieve higher levels of accuracy and surface finish compared to conventional finishing methods.
The process mainly consists of four stages.
Here is an analysis of the four stages of the bearing ultra-precision machining process:
(1) Heavy Cutting Stage: When the rough peaks on the workpiece surface come into contact with the surface of the abrasive stone, the contact stress is significant, causing the abrasive grains to break and self-sharpen, resulting in intense cutting action.
(2) Normal Cutting Stage: A few seconds later, the rough layer of the workpiece is removed, and the process enters the normal cutting stage. At this point, the surface of the abrasive stone is no longer covered with black chips, but the cutting process continues.
(3) Transition to Polishing Stage: The self-sharpening of abrasive grains decreases, and the cutting edges of the abrasive grains are worn down. Oxides produced during cutting begin to embed in the pores of the abrasive stone, and abrasive powder blocks the pores, causing the abrasive grains to only perform weak cutting actions. This stage is accompanied by compaction and polishing effects. At this time, the surface roughness of the workpiece rapidly decreases, and the surface of the abrasive stone becomes covered with black oxide chips.
(4) Stopping Cutting and Polishing Stage: The contact surface between the abrasive stone and the workpiece becomes very smooth, significantly increasing the contact area and reducing the pressure. The abrasive grains can no longer penetrate the oil film to contact the workpiece. When the oil film pressure on the support surface balances with the pressure on the abrasive stone, the abrasive stone is lifted, forming an oil film between them. At this point, the cutting action ceases. This stage is unique to ultra-precision machining.
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